ChaCha Story

1. Read an Article

Book Summary: Sapiens by Yuval Noah Harari

jamesclear.com/book-summaries/sapiens

[Words & Phrases]

- On the verge of: very close to experiencing something

• The company was on the verge of going bankrupt.

• The child was on the verge of tears.

• We were on the verge of divorce.

- hunch over: round one's back by bending forward and drawing the shoulders forward = hunch forward, hump

- trajectory: the curved path along which something (such as a rocket) moves through the air or through space

- gorge on: to eat something eagerly and usually to excess

• gorge on high calories

- forager: a person or animal that goes from place to place searching for things that they can eat or use

• She is a very accomplished hunter and forager.

• Animals are very selective foragers.

- expedition: an organized journey for a particular purpose

- spawn: to cause (something) to develop or begin = to produce or create (something)

[Engagement Points]

- the Cognitive Revolution: Homo sapiens conquered the world because of its unique language. The Cognitive Revolution occurred between 70,000 to 30,000 years ago. It allowed Homo sapiens to communicate at a level never seen before in language. As far as we know, only Homo sapiens can talk about things we have never seen, touched, or smelled. Think religions, myths, legends, and fantasies.

- Human cultures began to take shape about 70,000 years ago.

• take shape: to start to develop a more clear or certain form

- Evolutionary psychology claims that most of our psychology was developed during the period before the Agricultural Revolution about 10,000 years ago.

- iron law: a law or controlling principle that is incontrovertible and inexorable (철칙)

• iron laws of historical necessity

• incontrovertible: not able to be doubted or questioned

• controvert: to say or prove that (something) is untrue

• inexorable: not able to be stopped or changed

2. Watch a Video

Learn English Through Movies, Inception

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nqeh5SRH4Q8

[Words & Phrases]

- inception = origin, starting point

- auxiliary: available to provide extra help, power, etc., when it is needed (보조의, 보조자)

- wind up = end up

- break in: to illegally enter a place or building, especially in order to steal something

- turn on

1) turn on (something) or turn (something) on : to cause (something) to work or flow by pressing a button, moving a switch, etc.

• She turned on the lights/computer/radio/water.

• We turned on the heat in the house.

2) turn (someone) on or turn on (someone) informal : to cause (someone) to feel excitement or enjoyment : to be appealing to (someone)

• What kind of music turns you on? 

3) turn (someone) on to (something) : to cause (someone) to use or become interested in (something) for the first time

• She turned him on to water-skiing.

• He was turned on to cocaine by an acquaintance.

4) turn on (someone or something) : to attack or criticize (someone or something) in a sudden or unexpected way

• The dog suddenly turned on its owner.

• The rock star's fans began to turn on him.

5) turn on/upon (something)

a : to be determined or decided by (something)

• The outcome of the election turns on [=depends on] how well the candidates perform in the next debate.

b : to have (something) as a main subject or interest

• The discussion turned on the question of how the money should be spent.

6) turn (something) on (someone or something) : to use (something, such as a weapon) to harm, stop, or kill (someone or something)

• Fire hoses were turned on the protesters.

• He killed three people before turning the gun on himself. [=before shooting himself]

- projection: something that is imagined or created from your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc.

• projections of my subconscious

- converge on: to meet or come together to form a crowd or group

• Six police cars converged on the accident scene.

• Reporters from five different news sources converged on her after the game.

- infiltrate: to secretly enter or join (something, such as a group or an organization) in order to get information or do harm

[Engagement Points]

- The more you change things, the quicker the projections start to converge on you.

1. Read an Article

The Red Queen Effect: Avoid Running Faster and Faster Only to Stay in the Same Place

fs.blog/2012/10/the-red-queen-effect/

[Words & Phrases]

- sequel:  a book, movie, etc., that continues a story begun in another book, movie, etc.

- heed: to pay attention to (advice, a warning, etc.)

- prop: to support (something) by placing it against something else or by placing something under it (받침대로 떠받치다, 받침대); an object that is used by a performer or actor or that is used to create a desired effect in a scene on a stage, in a movie, etc. (소품)

- complacent: satisfied with how things are and not wanting to change them (자기 만족적인)

• The strong economy has made people complacent.

• We have grown too complacent over the years.

• a complacent smirk (만족스러운 웃음)

• We can't afford to be complacent about illiteracy.

- anemia: a condition in which a person has fewer red blood cells than normal and feels very weak and tired (빈혈증)

- ripple effect: a situation in which one event causes a series of other events to happen (파급효과)

• These kinds of crimes create a ripple effect throughout the city. [=they cause more crimes, problems, etc.]

- cornerstone: something of basic importance

• Trust is the cornerstone of their relationship.

- mutation: a change in the genes of a plant or animal that causes physical characteristics that are different from what is normal (생물학: 돌연변이)

- malady: a disease or illness

• The patient was suffering from a mysterious malady [=ailment] that the doctors were unable to identify.

• unemployment and other social maladies

• disease = disorder: catchable or infectious - e.g. cancel, diabetes

• sickness = illness = malady:  the condition/perception of the disease (how you feel/look like, or how someone else looks like)

[Engagement Points]

- The Red Queen Effect (붉은 여왕 가설): 스탠퍼드 경영대학원의 윌리엄 바넷 교수가 처음 제시한 것으로, 경쟁 환경에서 뒤처지지 않기 위해서는 끊임없이 진화해야 한다는 의미를 담음.

- “Bees have to move very fast to stay still.” (by. David Foster Wallace)

- However fast they went, they never seemed to pass anything.

• however = no matter how 

• however/no matter how + 형/부 + 주 + 동: 아무리 ~하더라도

2. Watch a Video

What Makes "Generation Z" So Different? | Harry Beard | TEDxAstonUniversity

youtu.be/qyCn3APagyU

[Words & Phrases]

- staggering: very large, shocking, or surprising 

- cog: someone or something that is thought of as being like a part of a machine, often used to describe someone who is regarded as an unimportant part of a large business or organization

• He was an important cog on that championship team.

• He's just a cog in the machine.

- reiterate: to repeat something you have already said in order to emphasize it

• reiterate a claim/view/point

[Engagement Points]

- genuine passion

- beyond the box

- Rosa Parks (1913-2005): Called "the mother of the civil rights movement," Rosa Parks invigorated the struggle for racial equality when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama.

- Greta Thunberg: the Swedish teenager who skipped school and inspired an international movement to fight climate change. She has become a leading voice, inspiring millions to join protests around the world.

1. Watch a Video

English Lession with Harry Potter

youtu.be/703_pmFBcAk

[Words & Phrases]

- dashing = stylish and attractive in exciting way

- fraternize: to be friendly with someone

• It is usually unwise to fraternize with your employees.

- pluck up the courage: to force yourself to be brave enough to do something, although you are frightened or worried about it

- last resort: the only choice that remains after all other alternatives or solutions have been tried

[Engagement Points]

- I bet she's alone in her room, crying her eyes out.

• I bet = I'm pretty sure

- We'd take the mickey out of her if she did.

• To take the mickey out of somebody = to mock somebody, to laugh and make fun of somebody, especially in an unkind way

- I would've taken her myself if she weren't so bloody proud.

- Would you care to do something?

- the whole point of something

- off to bed = go to bed

2. Repeat Phrases

올리버쌤 영어 꿀팁 - It just hit me (EBS English)

youtu.be/1NwwmVS5zCI

[Engagement Points]

- It just hit me that I have a test tomorrow. (자발적으로 떠올랐을 때, 무릎을 탁치는 느낌)

• It just hit me that = I just realized that

- After getting fired from my job, it hit me that I wasn't following my dream.

• After watching his speech, it hit me that I confined myself in a box, named others' path to success.

- That reminds me. I need to call Frank. (타인이나 상황 때문에 생각났을 때)